Analysis Of William Du Bois s The Soul Of The Black Folk...

Historiography has changed immensely since the beginning of the historian profession. Times of conflict can result in the approaches of historiography changing in a short period. By the end of the nineteenth century, he writing of American history had changed from consensus to progressivism. This opened up a new form of writing and opportunities to include different approaches or fields, such as science, economics, political science, and sociology, to help the understanding of the topic. In 1903, William Du Bois, influenced by Pragmatism, wrote about the Civil War and how it was a result of economic and social factors of African Americans in his book The Soul of the Black Folk. Then, Charles and Mary Beard wrote â€Å"The Rise of American Civilization† in 1927, reconsidering and adding economic factors and the inclusion of women’s roles into the history of the American Revolution. Then, after the Second World War, the critical approach was seen as insulting, and histori ans started to take a consensus approach again. One of the most influential consensus historians of this time was Daniel Boorstin, who wrote â€Å"The Genius of American Politics†. This book helped explain the American Revolution as a means of theory failure by showing how â€Å"liberal† also known as progressive historians exaggerate on certain events or people that impacted the American Revolution, such as the Declaration of Independence and Thomas Jefferson. He sees the American Revolution results were a positive advanceShow MoreRelatedDouble Consciousness and the Stranger Essay1565 Words   |  7 PagesB. Du Bois have had a significant influence on important theories and ideas developed in the Social Sciences. Perhaps two of the most relevant and well-known concepts developed by both of these theorists are the concepts of â€Å"double consciousness† and â€Å"the stranger†. In this paper I will be analyzing both of these pieces of work to draw upon differences and similarities between the two. The similarities I will be elaborating on are the usage of the paradoxical figure, which both Simmel and Du BoisRead MoreWilliam Edward Burghardt Du Bois1252 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Edward Burghardt Du Bois was born to Alfred and Mary Silvina Du Bois on February 23rd, 1868 in Great Barrington Massachusetts. While he grew up an African-American in a mostly white community, he attended an integrated school and excelled there. When he was old enough, his neighbors and church raised enough money for him to attend Fisk University in Nashville from 1885 to 1888. Because he had never been south before, this is where he first experienced racial prejudice and Jim Crow laws.Read MoreSociological Theories Of Prejudice And Racism1645 Words   |  7 Pagesassimilation perspective assumes that to become fully fledged members of society, alternative groups must adopt as much of the dominant society s culture as possible, particularly its langu age, mannerisms, and goals for success, and thus give up much of its own culture. Assimilations stands in contrast to racial cultural pluralism the maintenance and persistence of one s culture, language, mannerisms, practices, art, and so on. be able to measure the existence and extent of racial discrimination of a particularRead MoreCritically Assess Du Bois s Conception Of Double Consciousness1862 Words   |  8 PagesCritically assess Du Bois’s conception of double consciousness. Can double consciousness be dissolved and, if so, how? This essay will firstly outline exactly what the Du Boisian concept of double consciousness is, before critically assessing Du Bois’s thoughts and evaluate if his theory of double consciousness is something which can be dissolved. I will look at some objections to Du Bois’s double consciousness, paying particular attention to Reed’s complaints of historical contingency. It willRead MoreSociology : A Sociological Perspective1292 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is Sociology Sociology  is the  study of  social behavior or society, including its origins, development, organization, networks, and institutions. Sociology is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order, disorder, and change. Three Main Theoretical Perspectives in Sociology Functional Perspective Conflict Perspective Symbolic Interactionist Perspective Functional Perspective Conflict perspectiveRead MoreA Color Problem in a Post Racial Nation Essay1637 Words   |  7 PagesIt appears that the color of your skin whether it be black, white, brown, red, or yellow doesn’t matter in America anymore. One might assume that this statement is a plausible one, given the fact that we have a male â€Å"African American† president, and America is now considered to be a â€Å"Post-Racial Nation† (Rush Limbaugh, 2010), where skin color is no longer an inhibiting factor. The truth of the matter is that race has most certainly played a significant factor in America’s history since the earlyRead MoreArt or Propaganda? - a comparison between Alain Locke and W.E.B.Dubois5435 Words   |  22 Pagesliterature we should try to loose the tremendous emotional wealth of the Negro and the dramatic strength of his problems through writing ... and other forms of art. We should resurrect forgotten ancient Negro art and history, and we should set the blac k man before the world as both a creative artist and a strong subject for artistic treatment. DuBois stated what were to be recurrent themes of the decade of the twenties: the Negro as a producer and a subject of art, and the Negros artistic outputRead MoreIs Linton Kwesi Johnson A Modern Classic English Poet?1934 Words   |  8 Pagesonly black one – to be published in the Penguin Modern Classic Series, alongside the likes of Yeats †¦ the outrage in some quarters was instant. One academic complained that the publishers were ‘messing with the canon’.† (Morrison 2012) Canon refers to a collection of the most important works of creative literature that best represent the fundamental of principles English literature. Guidelines to verify authenticity can therefore be established, which allows serious and systematic analysis of EnglishRead MoreBibliographic Essay on African American History6221 Words   |  25 Pagesthe opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.†1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Evelyn Brooks Higgingbotham, ed., Harvard Guide to African American History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001); Arvarh E. Strickland and RobertRead MoreBlack Panther Party3043 Words   |  13 PagesDuring the late 1960s and early 70s posters of the Black Panther Partys co-foun der, Huey P. Newton were plastered on walls of college dorm rooms across the country. Wearing a black beret and a leather jacket, sitting on a wicker chair, a spear in one hand and a rifle in the other, the poster depicted Huey Newton as a symbol of his generations anger and courage in the face of racism and imperialism (Albert and Hoffman 4, 45). His intellectual capacity and community leadership abilities helped

Human Trafficking History, Current Trends, And Prevention

Abstract This paper reviews the ongoing crime of present day slavery, now known as human trafficking. With over an estimated 700,000 of human trafficking victims within the United States, this report focuses on the 7 main types of human trafficking, including labor and sex trafficking, common victims, and the history surrounding the prevention of this crime. As with many types of crimes against humanity, this is a behind doors crime; the perpetrators prey on the â€Å"unwanted† or the already missing of society, take advantage of the naà ¯ve, those looking for the opportunity for a better future, and then the actual coercion and force to perform unwanted sexual acts or labor occurs within the privacy of criminals’ home or business. Greater awareness of such crimes may be the biggest tool in their prevention. Keywords: trafficking, child labor, servitude, sex trade, slavery Human Trafficking: History, Current Trends, and Prevention Many people seem to think we live in a world where slavery does not exist in today’s society, however, they would be mistaken. Although not called slavery any longer, there is a subculture of individuals who continue to force others into a form of servitude. What was known as slavery in earlier times is now known as human trafficking. What is human trafficking? There are two main types of human trafficking: labor and sex trafficking (Polaris, n.d.). Although they are both slightly different, both use force, fraud, and coercion in order to getShow MoreRelatedCambodi The Khmer Empire1564 Words   |  7 Pagesthe east, with a current population of 15 Million +, making the 69th on the most populous country in the world. The current most practiced religion is Buddhism conceiving 95 percent of the population. The capital and largest city of Cambodia is P hnom Penh, the political, economic, and cultural center of this country occur. Most decisions regarding political and economic factors occur in this capital. Its governing methods make it questionable factor for this nation, where the current head of governmentRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Its Aspects3369 Words   |  14 Pages Human Trafficking and its Aspects Mariah Crawford English 2020 Mr. Vern Mehr Fall 2014 Imagine being called and offered a job opportunity in another state or perhaps another country. The employer promises you better housing, twice your current salary, and even offers to pay for your commute. Without thinking, you accept because the possibilities seem endless and unreal. You arrive to your new home but things don’t look as great as they were described and suddenly your new kind, charismaticRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United Nations2062 Words   |  9 PagesThe issue of human trafficking and slavery is still prevalent in many parts of the globe and a variety of legal and non-legal measures have been taken to ensure that this problem is adequately addressed. Human trafficking as defined by the United Nations is the transfer or harbouring of persons by means of coercion or deception for the purpose of exploitation. Human trafficking and slavery is an issue that is continually practiced across the world with an estimated twenty seven million people currentlyR ead MoreExploring The Features Of Prostitution And Other Sex Acts3515 Words   |  15 PagesNowadays, one of the main problems of the global society is related to human trafficking, as the physical and mental consequences of the victims unbalance communities and create chaos in the social layers. Specifically, prostitution considered the most exposed facet of sex trafficking (which also includes pornography, exotic dancing, stripping, live sex shows, mail-order brides, military prostitution, and sexual tourism), is often linked to criminal behavior, including petty crime and drug-relatedRead MoreThe Effects Of Pedophilia On The Modern World1578 Words   |  7 Pages12- or 13-year-old. Assessment According to the DSM, subjective assessments for pedophilia include: self-report, history of multiple child victims, and extensive use of prepubescent pornography. Objective tests include psychometric tests of sexual interests and phallometric tests. Published scales include: the Abel Child Cognitions Scale (Abel et al., 1989), the Clarke Sexual History Questionnaire (Paitich, Langevin, Freeman, Mann, Handy, 1977), and the Multiphasic Sex Inventory (Nichols MolinderRead MoreEssay on Human Trafficking: Modern-Day Slavery3573 Words   |  15 PagesSlavery is a modern, pervasive problem. Human trafficking has been found in every state in America (humantrafficking.org). It seems that most Americans likely live within a comfortable drive of someone who is being exploited through human trafficking. There is a growing trend in human trafficking toward sexual exploitation (Bennetts, 2011). The Information Age has helped to create new opportunities for sex trafficking to flourish. Information drives many modern experiences. A wealth of informationRead MoreCriminal Trends2477 Words   |  10 PagesCriminal Justice Trends Evaluation Heather Kyzer CJA 394: Contemporary Issues and Futures in Criminal Justice June 3, 2013 David Sicilian II Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation There is no question that crime has had and continues to hinder society. The criminal justice system is an intricate part of society and is essential that this system remains capable of adequately dealing with the latest crime trends. It was the establishment of the consistency with the Social Commission that theRead MoreThe Factors That Have Undermined The Existing Initiatives, And Recommendations For Successful De Radicalization1723 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen characterized by frequent insecurity concerns ranging from intercommunity conflicts, violence, crime, to terrorism. Consequently, this has always deepened societal insecurities hence deterring the Kenya’s long-term socio-economic growth. The current state of Kenya’s insecurity is jeopardized by radicalization of massive groups of youths in various regions. This paper focuses on de-radicalization in Kenya. The paper assesses the factors that have undermined the existing initiatives, and recommendationsRead MoreC hina s Economic And Technological Development4835 Words   |  20 Pageshard drug usage and addiction. In a span of approximately 25 years, the presence of narcotics and illegal drugs was unheard of but today, the Chinese society and the government departments are grappling with the increasing use of drug addiction, trafficking and consumption. With more porous borders, increased disposable income and increased economic freedoms, drug addiction and its effects have threatened to leave a permanent mark on the Chinese society. According to Zhang (2012), drug consumptionRead More Drug Abuse Among American Teenagers Essay7972 Words   |  32 Pagesparents. Doctors, and counselors can also help prevention of drug abuse. By offering information about drugs, and setting up rehab programs for those involved in drugs. Churches are a great source for help in the problem in drug abuse, they already setup drug-free activities, also they provide youth and families identify and solve problems before they can worsen and be complimented with drug abuse. Local businesses have an important role to play in prevention. Businesses can sponsor programs for the youth

Organizational Behaviour for Development- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Differences between trait and behaviour theories of leadership? Are the theories valid? Answer: According to this given YouTube video, trait-based theory of leadership states that leaders are born with effective leadership skills (Christianity 9 to 5, 2013). Leaders have inborn traits that manifest themselves through the leadership process of the one in the leadership position. On the other hand, the behavioral theory of leadership argue that an individual can be trained to become an effective leader. An individual can be trained according to the organizations style and expectation to foster the achievement of the laid down goals and objectives. Another difference between trait and behavioral leadership theory is that in trait based leaders have unique traits that distinguish them from their followers (Christianity 9 to 5, 2013). On the other hand, behavioral theory of leadership argues that leadership skills are acquired over a period. In this regard, even a subordinate can acquire effective leadership skills through apprenticeship. To achieve this, the individual in the leadership position must ensure a proper environment that enhances the learning process. Based on the information on the video, it is suffice to state that these theories have some valid arguments, for example, in the trait-based leadership, natural traits like boldness and assertiveness are vital in successful leadership. Equally, behavioral theory of leadership has a valid argument that leadership skills such as effective communication skills can be acquired through training. However, the two leadership theories have weaknesses, for example, the trait-based theory of leadership does not provide a clear distinction between effective and ineffective leaders. How can organisations select and develop effective leaders? Provide 1 example. Organization employ different types of strategies to identify and develop effective leaders. One of the most common method of identifying a leader within an organizational setting is by examining the communication skills of employees. Individuals with effective communication skills can make an effective leader (Yukl, 2010). Another method of identifying a leader is by observing the teamwork skills of an individual. An employee who exhibit the effective skills of mobilizing his colleagues to work together towards the achievement of the laid down objective can make an effective leader. The third way of identifying a leader is by examining the problem-solving skills of an individual. Employees who are very active in finding solutions to the issues affecting the organization are potential leaders. After identifying potential leaders, organizations utilize the following strategies to develop them into effective leaders. Workshop and seminars: Potential leaders are taken to leadership seminars and workshops to undergo training on effective leadership skills (Yukl, 2010). Apprenticeship: Potential leaders are recruited in the leadership team so that they can learn from their seniors. Mentoring: Potential leaders are assigned to specific leaders who mentor them to acquire effective skills of leadership. Companies motivate their employees using different strategies as follows: Employee recognition: Organizations motivate their employees through employee recognition strategies such as rewarding them with certificates of merit for their excellent performance on organizational tasks (Wireman, 2010). This practice inspires employees across all departments to achieve their deliverables and this ensures increased organizational output. Salary increment: Employees are motivated by the fact that they will receive salary increment or bonuses for achieving particular milestones within the organization (Anis, Rehman, Nasir, Sawfan, 2011). This ensures commitment and dedication towards the organizational goals and objectives. Employee promotion: Being promoted to a higher rank is a sure motivational factor that elicits commitment and dedication within an organizational setting. Therefore, organizational managers set standards to be met to receive promotion. Provision of feedback: Employers also motivate their employees by providing them with positive and critical feedback regarding their performance (Wireman, 2010). This helps an employee to identify his strengths and weaknesses, and hence, works towards enhancing the weaknesses. The film Golden Eye (1950) by Campbell is one of the Jame Bond films that I recently watched and enjoyed. While I was impressed by with the theme of betrayal between James Bond and Trevelyan, his former partner, my friend Peterson was not impressed with the gender discrimination and stereotyping that was depicted in the film. In this film, the film brings out the role of women as assistant character to men. For instance, Natalya (a female) takes the role of an aid to James Bond in his mission to Cuba. Besides, Onatopp helps play a subordinate role to Ourumov. Sexism is also clear in the film due to the representation of women as sex objects. Numerous scenes in the film show images of naked women who are referred to as bitch or ass. (Campbell, 1995). The subordination of women in the film disappointed Peterson especially due to the modern society where gender equality is an issue that is affecting organizational performance. Why Dont Teams Work Like they are supposed to? Team work is one of the vital aspects that most businesses, firms, and organizations strive to h embrace in their undertakings. Most Chief Executive Officers and senior managers work hard to ensure that team spirit is practiced in their companies for them to achieve their targeted goals and their objectives. In my perspective, the fundamental elements identified by Professor Richard Hackman are the major factors that drive an organization to realize its goals and objectives (Goetsch, 2014). The elements identified by Hackman for any successful team work are: Team should be small and have consistent membership coordination task, hence saving valuable time. Team work should be done too often; organizations should set- up project-based teams which do not require considering the key stages of forming a group. In team work there should be support, like the rewarding the work done by the group members and defining the responsibilities done by the team. Also, in every successful team there should be an assertive and courageous leader who can invoke authority even when the team defies the direction stipulated. The elements stipulated by Hackman are the key elements for a successful team work. For instance, for team to work and perform well in any given organization should be small and have consistent membership to avoid break-up. Also, most organization practiced team work often to boost more output during production. By rewarding the team work members it stimulates morale which makes the workers to work extra hard, hence increased output. Lastly, the leader of the team should be courageous and have a commanding voice to have the workers doing their work more efficiently (Cheruvelil et al., 2014). Other Conditions for a Team to be Successful Commitment and Trust; all members must be fully committed for the organization to achieve its mission and goals. Communication; every effective team should have good open lines of communication. The communication made among the team members should be honest and should also flow equitably. Members should be free to communicate to others about issues as well as personal ideas (Armstrong, 2015). Adaptability: The best-powered team should be adaptable to any changing conditions in the organization. Every member should have the freedom of thinking and creativity. Team members should listen keenly the ideas of other members because this will lead to the generation of new ideas which will lead to the realization of the organizational mission and goals (Carmel et al., 2013). The most vital step to ensure the teams life does not face challenges is to lead a team effectively. One must create leadership among the members. The others are: To consider each employees ideas as valuable and important; every idea and suggestion made by every team member should be respected and taken with great concern. Be keen with the employees unspoken moods; be open to team members and be able to learn their moods. Resolve minor problems; be in a position to settle minor disputes arising from the team members. Be very clear when communicating; set out the clarifications well. Motivate team members to share information (Schjoedt et al., 2013). Ways of Breaking the Group Goals into Subtasks to enable individuals accountability Defining tasks; the first step in working on working on any concrete goal is to divide well and schedule the work. When dividing the goals into subtasks think of the concrete and best steps required to achieve the goals and the missions. Finite Task; most of the goals are finite in nature, and they are required to be broken down into subtasks and put into the schedule until the goal is achieved. On-going Tasks; some of the goals and missions are on-going. Also, even if the task is on-going it can be broken in your schedule on some recurring basis (Schmidt et al., 2016). Power delegation to keep it close Samantha Parks should do the following: Delegate most of the primary tasks to the employees who are more qualified, quick and have knowledge in business. The responsibilities which are less important should be given to the middle- level managers. Those managers feel motivated hence working extra hard. A delegation of tasks helps in generation of good relations between the managers and the employees hence leading to increased out-put (Link et al., 2015). Samantha should ensure that she interferes with the task that requires great care and avoids intervening on those which are of less importance. Also, she should ensure that should at all cede a lot of controls to the executive committees of the creative individual. Besides, Samantha should consider employing executive members who can come with great ideas which can propel the organization forward (Hritier, 2013). In few organizations, it has been noted that most top executives take more responsibilities to maintain their authority. But in some of the organization, the top level management believes in delegation of authority. They tend to delegate the less important tasks to the middle managers who help in the realization of the organizational goal. For an organization to be successful the work should be relevant and delegated properly. This will make the organization achieve their objective (Sekaran, 2016). Tasks that should never be delegated to other employees by the executives. Strategic Vision and Values. The work of the CEO is the development and communication of the broader vision and objectives. Brand Positioning. The manager must understand the target market and the role of the organization in the market. Hiring: The CEO should have the authority to hire many employees in the business firm for it to achieve its target. Firing: since the CEO and managers have the power to hire they also have the power to fire the employees who do not meet the target (Masli et al., 2016). Bibliography list Anis, A, Rehman, IU, Nasir, A, Sawfan, N 2011, Employee Retention Relationship to Training and Development: A Compensation Perspective, African Journal of Business Management. Vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 2679-2685. Armstrong, G, Kotler, P, Harker, M Brennan, R 2015, Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Campbell, B. (Director)., 1995, Golden Eye. MGM Studios. DVD. Carmeli, A, Gelbard, R Reiter?Palmon, R 2013, Leadership, creative problem?solving capacity, and creative performance: The importance of knowledge sharing, Human Resource Management, Vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 95-121. Cheruvelil, KS, Soranno, PA, Weathers, KC, Hanson, PC, Goring, SJ, Filstrup, CT Read, EK 2014. Creating and maintaining high?performing collaborative research teams: the importance of diversity and interpersonal skills, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, Vol. 12, no. 1, pp.31-38. Christianity 9 to 5 2013, Ten leadership theories in five minutes, You Tube, 17 August, Viewed 5th October 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XKUPDUDOBVo Goetsch, DL Davis, SB 2014, Quality management for organizational excellence. Pearson: Upper Saddle River, NJ. Hritier, A, Moury, C, Bischoff, CS Bergstrm, CF 2013. Changing Rules of Delegation: A contest for power in Comitology. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Link, K Mller, B 2015, Delegating HR work to the line: Emerging tensions and insights from a paradox perspective, German Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 29, no. 3-4, pp. 280-302. Masli, A, Richardson, VJ, Watson, MW Zmud, RW 2016, Senior Executives' IT Management Responsibilities: Serious IT-Related Deficiencies and CEO/CFO Turnover, MIS Quarterly, Vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 687-708. Schjoedt, L, Monsen, E, Pearson, A, Barnett, T Chrisman, JJ 2013. New venture and family business teams: Understanding team formation, composition, behaviors, and performance, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, Vol. 37, no. 1, pp.1-15. Schmidt, C 2016. Discussion. In Agile Software Development Teams (pp. 115-124). Springer International Publishing. Sekaran, U Bougie, R 2016. Research methods for business: A skill building approach. John Wiley Sons: Chichester. Wireman, T 2010, Training Programs for Maintenance Organizations, Industrial Press, Inc.: New York, NY. Yukl, G 2010, Leadership in organizations. (7th Ed.). Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ. Zerfass, A Franke, N 2013. Enabling, advising, supporting, and executing: A theoretical framework for internal communication consulting within organizations. International Journal of Strategic Communication, Vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 118-135.

Jekyll And Hyde Essays - English-language Films, Films,

Jekyll And Hyde The duplicity of man is a key theme in the novel, The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde. The separation of Jekyll into two beings, Jekyll and Hyde, is an allegory for humankind's conflicting forces of good and evil. These characters bring to life the inner struggle between the two powers of the soul. Jekyll portrays the good side of human nature in this narrative. He is the protagonist of the novel. Dr. Jekyll is an intelligent, tall, and dignified man of late middle age. The people who know him respect him. He is a wealthy man and lives in comfort in a good house with loyal servants. On the surface, he is the epitome of the Victorian gentleman. But he has a dark side, and he harbors secret passions. Jekyll is not supposed to represent pure good, rather, the whole of a person. The heights of virtue and the depths of vice are both extremes Jekyll possesses. From the start of the story, Jekyll is aware of this dual nature. Knowing this, he concocts a potion that will separate the two. These separate entities come in the form of Jekyll and Hyde. A stark contrast of the two beings is evident at the time of Jekylls first interaction with the potion. Jekyll, a big and pleasant looking man was transformed into Hyde, a man with distorted frame and ugly countenance. Hydes youth and small, distorted stature can be linked to the inactive malevolence within Jekyll. At first, Jekyll is in complete control of the appearance of Hyde, having him only appear when he so wills. At this point, the good is much stronger and has control over the evil. As the iniquity within Jekyll, begins to be exercised with more regularity, it becomes more potent. Jekyll loses contact first with his good side and then with his friends. The more he plays at being Hyde the more he is cut off from their good worth. With this newfound clout, Hyde begins to appear without Jekylls beckoning. This foreshadows that the evil of the human soul now begins to prevail over the once dominant good. The callous murder of Sir Danvers Carew provides the reader with a sense that malice has won complete control over merit. Jekyll is now faced with a question of morality. Should he let the evil reign, or should he quash the being he has created along with himself. It has become clear to Jekyll that he can no longer go on with this fa?ade, and inferences that Hyde will soon seize complete control. In an effort to stop this conquest from occurring, Jekyll decides that he will soon turn into Hyde for the last time, he declares his life over and that anything that happens after that point on will not happen to him, as Jekyll will be truly dead to the world. Therefore, it will be Hyde who will either have to face justice for the murder he has committed or find the courage to kill himself. At the end of the novel, it is Hydes body that was found void of any life. The triumph of good in The Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde, demonstrates that ultimately virtue is stronger and will reign over evil in the ongoing game of ones soul. English Essays

Read Emma Watsons 2016 UN Speech on Gender Equality

Read Emma Watson's 2016 UN Speech on Gender Equality Emma Watson, actor and UN Goodwill Ambassador, is using her fame and position with the United Nations to shine a spotlight on the problem of gender inequality and sexual assault at universities and colleges around the world. Watson made headlines in September 2014 when she launched a gender equality initiative called HeForShe with a rousing speech at the UN headquarters in New York. The speech focused on gender inequality around the world and the important role that men and boys must play in fighting for equality for girls and women. Speaking Out for Women In a more recent speech given at the UN headquarters in September 2016, Ms. Watson turned her attention to the gender double standards that many women encounter when they study and work at universities. Importantly, she connects this issue to the widespread problem of sexual violence that many women experience in the course of pursuing higher education. Ms. Watson, a proud feminist, also used the occasion to announce the publication of the first  HeForShe IMPACT 10x10x10 University Parity Report, which details the challenges of gender inequality and the commitments  to fighting them made by ten university presidents from around the world. The full transcript of her speech follows. Thank you all for being here for this important moment.  These men from all over the world have decided to make gender equality a priority in their lives and in  their universities. Thank you for making this commitment. I graduated from university four years ago. I had always dreamed of going and I know how fortunate I am to have had the opportunity to do so. Brown [University] became my home, my community, and I took the ideas and the experiences I had there into all of my social interactions, into my workplace, into my politics, into all aspects of my life. I know that my university experience shaped who I am, and of course, it does for many people. But what if our experience at university shows us that women dont belong in leadership? What if it shows us that, yes, women can study, but they shouldnt lead a seminar? What if, as still in many places around the world, it tells us that women dont belong there at all? What if, as is the case in far too many universities, we are given the message that sexual violence isnt actually a form of violence? But we know that if you change students experiences so they have different expectations of the world around them, expectations of equality, society will change. As we leave home for the first time to study at the places that we have worked so hard to get, we must not see or experience double standards. We need to see equal respect, leadership, and pay. The university experience must tell women that their brain power is valued, and not just that, but that they belong among the leadership of the university itself. And so importantly, right now, the experience must make it clear that the safety of women, minorities, and anyone who may be vulnerable is a right and not a privilege. A right that will be respected by a community that believes and supports survivors. And that recognizes that when one persons safety is violated, everyone feels that their own safety is violated. A university should be a place of refuge that takes action against all forms of violence. Thats why we believe that students should leave university believing in, striving for, and expecting societies of true equality. Societies of true equality in every sense, and that universities have the power to be a vital catalyst for that change. Our ten impact champions have made this commitment and with their work we know they will inspire students and other universities and schools across the world to do better. Im delighted to introduce this report and our progress, and Im eager to hear whats next. Thank you so much.

Scientific Hypothesis Examples

Scientific Hypothesis Examples A hypothesis represents an educated guess about what you think will happen, based on your observations. Before experimenting, you propose a hypothesis so that you can determine whether your prediction is supported. There are several ways you can state a hypothesis. The best hypothesis is one you can test and easily refute. Why would you want to disprove or discard your hypothesis? Its because this is the easiest way to demonstrate two factors are related. What are some examples of a hypothesis? Hypothesis Examples Hypothesis: All forks have three tines.Disproven if you find any fork with a different number of tines.Hypothesis: There is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer.While it is difficult to establish cause and effect in health issues, you can apply statistics to data to discredit this hypothesis or to support it, if the rates of lung cancer are the same between smokers and non-smokers.Hypothesis: Plants require liquid water to survive.Disproven if you find a plant that doesnt need it.Hypothesis: Cats do not show a paw preference (cat equivalent to being right- or left-handed).You could gather data about the number of times cats bat at a toy with either paw and analyze the data to determine whether cats, on the whole, favor one paw over the other. Be careful here, because individual cats, like people, might (or might not) express a preference.Hypothesis: If plants are watered with a 10% detergent solution, their growth will be negatively affected.Some people prefer to state a h ypothesis in an If, then format. An alternate hypothesis might be: Plant growth will be unaffected by water with a 10% detergent solution. What hypothesis would you use? Youre welcome to post a reply offering additional hypothesis examples or discussing the type of hypothesis you prefer to formulate and test.

Brief report that includes the data, the significance, and the cause Assignment

Brief report that includes the data, the significance, and the cause of the problem - Assignment Example It is clearly shows that there is a high rate of teen pregnancies, about 41%. The rate is very high and alarming and a cause for worry. The data also indicates that most of the teens are not prepared for the pregnancies, as evidenced by the large number of those carrying out abortions. The teens seem not be aware of the dangers of carrying out abortions neither are they informed about ways of preventing teenage pregnancies. The data also displays the general carelessness of the teens. Most of them have had pregnancies before and because they did not want the pregnancy, terminated it. They, however, continue to have risky sexual behaviors and get pregnant again. Some go to the extent of terminating more than one pregnancy. The behavior is sheer carelessness, because they should be able to learn from their previous mistakes. The data also shows there are some who were quite responsible and carried a pregnancy to term. They then have responsible sexual behaviors after that. Majority of teen pregnancies in Canada are a result of socio-economic factors. Most teens while in school put in a lot of effort with hopes of a better future, in either furthering their education or getting good jobs. However, along the way, some get discouraged because they see very few or no opportunities for them in the future and hence see no point in acquiring an education. Such students already have no need for staying in school and therefore opt to get pregnant and eventually drop out of school. They do not see why they should push forward childbearing for school (Bielski, par.10). Another cause of teen pregnancies is little, or no sex education provided to the students. While most of the pregnancies could be because of carelessness, others are purely out of ignorance. Most parents and teachers assume that as the students grow up, they will automatically get the information they need. Acquiring the information is not always the case, as some students are too shy

Jon Benet Ramsey Murder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Jon Benet Ramsey Murder - Essay Example She was a little girl who died tragically at the hands of someone who treated her with disrespect and violence. The story of the investigation is clouded by the shadows of media that formed and shaped public’s knowledge and opinions, leading to more tragedy and sorrow that for quite some time, just never seemed to end. JonBenet Ramsey was six years old when in 1996 she went missing from her boulder Colorado home, only to be found eight hours after she was reported missing in the basement of her family. This tiny little girl became a cause, finding celebrity after death as her family was scrutinized, vilified, and sympathized with depending on the mood of the media that swarmed the investigation of her death. The child had been bludgeoned and strangled. The speculations about who killed her were first focused on her mother, her father, and her brother; although in 2008 they were all vindicated through DNA evidence (Pelisek). The story of the crime begins with JonBenet’s mother, Patricia, finding three yellow pieces of paper from which the first page informed her â€Å"Mr. Ramsey†¦we have your daughter† (Smith 3). The rest of the information included a request for $118,000, the same amount of a recent bonus that JonBenet’s father John had received and that they should not call the police. A threat was made against the child to encourage their cooperation with the kidnappers, that JonBenet would be beheaded if they failed to comply. The first thing that Patricia did was to call the police, at 5:52am December 26, and report her daughter as missing (Smith 4). The Boulder Police responded immediately, and the FBI followed quickly behind them, kidnapping being a federal offense and under the jurisdiction of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In 1995, the FBI had reported only a handful of kidnapping cases, but 22,000 homicides, so the investigation of a kidnapping was not a routine activity, even for the FBI (Smith 4). The Ramseys br ought three people into the home as the authorities did their best to work the case. They called their minister, the family doctor, and a friend who was a lawyer. These three people arrived before the Boulder Police had arrived (Smith 5). During the time that the FBI was setting up for the encounter that John Ramsey would have with the kidnappers, the Boulder Police began to tour the home, finding the security system still on and with no tampering being evident. The perpetrator either knew the system intimately, or had the skills to circumvent the system (Smith 6). John Ramsey refused to let the police search the home without a warrant, but this may be more to do with the influence of his attorney friend, Fleet White, who may have for legal reasons been insisting that all be done with legal structures. The police suggested that Mr. Ramsey search his own house, and this is when he found his daughter, covered with a blanket, duct tape on her neck and mouth, and with a nylon cord aroun d her neck which had a stick twisted in it to use as a garrote. The child’s head had been bashed in and there were clear signs that she had been sexually abused because of blood and bruising that was evident. On the 27th of December, the police asked the Ramseys to all give investigative samples in order to rule them out as suspects in the murder. Hair, nails, and fingerprints were all gathered in order to keep as reference towards any of the evidence that the authorities could discover. Samples of handwriting were taken in order to compare

Responsibility for Personal and Professional Development Essay Example for Free

Responsibility for Personal and Professional Development Essay Effective personal and professional development is the result of co-operative and co-ordinating working at all levels in the University and also with the individual members of staff. At the strategic level the personal and professional development implications of strategy and vision must be recognised and resourced. Overall responsibility for the development and delivery of Personal and Professional Development policy and strategy rests with the Director of Human Resources and the Personal and Professional Development Unit. The Director of Academic Professional Development and the Academic Professional Development Advisory Group, convened by the Director of Human Resources, acts as a central focus for the co-ordination, planning and provision of a range of learning and teaching development activities. The Deans and/or Associate Deans for Learning Teaching, as appropriate, liaise with the Director of Academic Professional Development in order to consider appropriate ways in which development needs can be met, including delivery at department/section/unit or Faculty level, or through central delivery. The link between centrally delivered and Faculty-based development activities is supported by regular and ongoing contact between the Director of Academic Professional Development and Faculty contacts for Academic Professional Development, normally the Associate Dean for Learning Teaching. Heads of department/section/unit ensure that all staff employed in their area receive appropriate advice so as to ensure direct and substantial benefits are achieved for staff undertaking any development, support towards identifying their developmental needs through the review process and by other means, and ensure that adequate time is made available within workloads to allow staff to engage in identified and agreed development activities, as appropriate, to address these needs. Faculties and departments/sections/units are expected to expand upon the centrally delivered personal and professional development programme by making effective use of any monies devolved to them for this purpose. Day-to-day management of university-wide generic personal and professional development and training, as well as management training and development, is the responsibility of the Director of Management and Personal Development. Generic personal and professional development and training comprises those  activities which serve a widespread need in the university such that is efficient and effective to provide them centrally, either in-house, bought-in or externally provided, rather than ask departments or Faculties to source them. They include interpersonal skills, administrative skills and management skills. They do not include skills narrowly applicable to only one specialist function or discipline, which are best sourced through a department’s or individual’ s links, perhaps to the research community or a professional society.

Use of Symbolism in Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman Essays

   Arthur Miller is recognized as an important and influential playwright, not to mention essayist and novelist. Although he has had plenty of luck in his writing career, his fame is the product of his ingenious ability to control what he wants his readers to picture or feel. As one of his critics states, "Miller writes ingeniously, conveying the message that 'if the proper study of mankind is man, man's inescapable problem is himself (Broussard, 306).'" Miller accurately puts into words what every person thinks, feels, or worries about, but often has trouble expressing. By the use of symbolism, Arthur Miller portrays Willy's (along with the other Lowmans') problems with family life, the society, and himself in Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller is an interesting author in the sense that many of his plays reflect or are a product of events in his life. He was born in 1915 in New York City and was the son of a successful businessman, up until the Great Depression when his father lost most of his wealth. This greatly impacts Miller's life, and influences the themes for many of his future writings. To make ends meet at home, Miller worked as a truck driver, a warehouse clerk, and a cargo-mover; consequently, these odd jobs bring him close to the working-class type people that will later be the basis of many characters in his plays. It is while he is involving himself in these jobs that Miller forms his love for literature; he is greatly impressed by Fyodor Dostoevski's The Brothers Karamazov because it questions the unspoken rules of society, a concept he often wondered about, especially after the Great Depression. He believes that American society needed to be made over; for this reason, many of his earlier plays show sympathetic portrayals and compassionate characterizations of his characters. In 1956, Miller marries the eminent Marilyn Monroe. This event significantly affects his writing in that he focuses on female characters more than he had formerly. He also looked back at his prefigured themes in past stories and expanded or reconsidered them (Martin, 1336-7). Clearly, the roots of his works are the result of important events from his past experiences. Death of a Salesman is a play relating to the events leading to the downfall of Willy Loman, an aging salesman who is at one time prosperous, but is now approaching the end of his usefulness (Atkinson, 305).

Japanese Art Essay

For the GOY* project, I chose to visit The Pavilion of Japanese Art in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) and look at Japanese artworks, especially from the Jomon to Heian period. There were no event focusing on Japanese Art on LACMA, so I opted to join a Sunday tour of the Japanese art collection instead. Knowing at once that it would only last for 50 minutes, I wondered at first how the guide would condense the lecture of thousands of years of Japanese history and Japanese art, especially that it entails a lot of explaining and translating to do. But the explanations as we went along the way were brief and concise and focused on the artworks, but were enough for us to take note of. What I intended to focus on were paintings from the Jomon to Heian period of Japanese Art, but instead I took note of different forms of Japanese artworks which I found interesting. There were several pieces that caught my attention, but those that I focused on were a ceramic vessel from the middle Jomon period, Jizo Bosatsu, which is carved wood sculpture from the late Heian period, and Seated Warrior, a sculpture from the Kofun period. Japanese art on the Jomon period are mostly earthenware vessels, mostly deep pots made of clay. Potteries made from the Jomon period are characterized by rope markings, incised lines and applied coils of clay (Kleiner 91). These vessels, however psychedelically figured, have a variety of uses. They serve different purposes, from storage to burial (Kleiner 91). The vessels on the Japanese Art Tour on the LACMA mostly have textured bases, the incised rope markings very apparent, and have castellated rims. Japanese art on the Kofun period is completely different. According to the Minneapolis Institute of Arts Website, the art on this period is characterized by tombs furnished haniwa, or cylinders which are used as adornment for tombs on the era. The forms of the haniwa later evolved to simple geometric forms of houses, animals, birds, and other figures. The sculpture on the LACMA, however, resembles a Seated Warior form, hence, its title. The Heian period is characterized with artworks representing or illustrating Esoteric Buddhism (Kleiner, 2010). Most of the artworks are Buddhist deities sculptures carved from wood, to which people worship. The sculpture of deities were characterized by a wardrobe of a monk’s, and all of them stood on top of a lotus, which symbolizes rebirth, according to the tour guide. I have expected Japanese art to be intricate, except maybe those from the Jomon period. But it turned out that even from the Neolithic period, the Japanese already had a sense of aesthetics that their vessels are adorned with rope markings. For me, the abstract form of Jomon period art is its strength. The Kofun period art was indeed very interesting for me because the artworks were used to decorate tombs, and the decorations symbolizes the person in that tomb. Meanwhile, as expected, Heian art is deeply rooted on Buddhism, and has Chinese influences. At the end of the day, I realized that the evolution of Japanese art relied on what happened in Japan at the time these artworks were constructed. The colorful events strongly influences the frame of mind of the artists. History is what shapes art.

Causes of Tension Between Cuba and the United States Essay

On January 9, 1959, following their successful overthrow of the oppressive Batista regime, a band of freedom fighters, anchored by Fidel Castro, marched through the Cuban capital city of Havana. Upon his arrival, Castro immediately seized control of the Cuban government and declared himself the highest executive of the island nation, Premier of Cuba. In April of 1959, Castro visited the United States in order to gain support for his policies in leading Cuba. The majority of Americans warmly embraced Castro, â€Å"assuming that this charismatic leader would guide Cuba to democracy† (Cuba). Some Americans remained cautious in accepting Castro, however, primarily disturbed by his previously demonstrated socialist sympathies. In the following month, Americans were given reasons to become anti-Castro as the Premier took hold American owned sugar plantations, Cuba’s multi-national companies, and the nation’s petroleum holdings (Cuba). By the end of 1959, the nation beg an to show signs of Communist involvement. Communist affiliated groups took control of the nation’s military, bureaucracy, and labor movement, and Soviet interest in the island increased. In February of 1960, â€Å"Anastas Mikoyan, vice-prime minister of the Soviet Union, came to Cuba. . . . A major topic [of the meeting] was the Soviet Union’s purchase of Cuban sugar and [the Cuban] purchase of Russian oil† (Franqui 66). Following the meeting, the Soviet Union entered into a trade agreement with the USSR, causing the United States to drastically limit the import of Cuban sugar into the nation. In response, Cuba nationalized all remaining American properties and negotiated an expanded trade agreement and loans with the Soviets, causing the United States to break all diplomatic relations with the country (Cuba). Before the end of 1960, the USSR had begun sending military aid to the Cubans. (Cuba) â€Å"The U. S. government was by now convinced that Cuba had become a Communist state† (Dolan 92-93). The falling of Cuba into a Communist regime proved extremely important to the U. S., primarily due to Cuba’s proximity to the United States, only 90 miles. In addition, â€Å"there were reports that the Soviet Union intended to make a staging base out of Cuba for the  communization of the other Latin-American countries and rumors that construction projects inside Cuba appeared to be designed for launching missiles† (Rivero 170). To stop the spread of Communism in the Western Hemisphere, Americans felt that â€Å"the island’s government had to be toppled† (Dolan 93). Upon hearing from Cuban exiles that a great deal of unrest had been present on the island, Washington saw the time as ripe for an invasion attempt (Rivero 183). The U.S. government put the Central Intelligence Agency in charge of plotting the attempt, along with officers from the Pentagon. The goal of the CIA-planned attempt would be to mask American involvement in the coup, so that the United States could not encounter accusations of â€Å"illegally endangering the sovereignty of an established foreign government† (Dolan 93). The plan entailed using Cuban exiles to carry out an uprising, seemingly attempting to liberate their country. Following the planning of the invasion, the CIA utilized their Guatemalan bases in training 1,300 exiles (Dolan 93). News of the supposedly secret plan leaked to Castro, who â€Å"accused Washington of planning the worst sort of intervention in the island’s affairs† and damned the United States for â€Å"dropping the attitude of neutrality it had long professed in regard to Cuba† (93). The Premier put the island’s defense forces on alert and ordered them to prepare and be ready for an attack. On March 29, 1961, President John F. Kennedy gave the CIA permission to proceed with the launch the Cuban invasion. Changes were made to the plan however, the most important being the ban of U.S. air support of the campaign, excluding air attacks on three Cuban air bases (Rivero 184). Along with the ban came the necessity of â€Å"a simultaneous mass uprising by the Cuban people† (184); without mass popular support, the invasion was doomed to failure. Two days prior to the invasion, B-26 bombers attacked three crucial Cuban air bases, San Antonio, Cuba’s main base, Camp Liberty in Havana, Castro’s main headquarters, and the military airport at Santiago de Cuba (Rivero 184). A second wave of B-26 strikes was planned as well, but was called off by President Kennedy, who was suspected to have â€Å"felt that strong U.S. participation would threaten a war with Russia† (Dolan 95). The cancellation of the second group of air strikes left Castro with one-third of his air  force and the goal of destroying the entire air force unfulfilled. Two days after the air strikes took place, approximately 1,500 CIA-supported Cuban exiles landed near the Bay of Pigs. The men were accompanied by â€Å"old, unmarked American B-26 bombers that dropped leaflets urging the Cuban people to rise against Castro and join the attack force† (Dolan 93). The invaders assumed that the leaflets would draw the widespread support of Cubans unhappy with their government. In the three days in which the people would supposedly aid in holding off Castro’s forces, the invaders were to set up a provisional government and appeal for American help. From there, the United States would recognize the provisional government and intervene in overthrowing the Castro regime (93). The CIA plan assumed excessively, mostly due to the optimism derived from the agency’s previous successes in staging coups in Guatemala and Iran, and all of the invasion plans resulted in complete failure: â€Å"The expected assistance did not come from the island’s dissidents. On being hit by Castro’s air force, the attackers asked that U.S. Navy jets be sent to help them.† The planes, however, never appeared, due to the Kennedy-issued ban on U.S. air involvement (Dolan 95). After two days, Castro’s forces had thoroughly suppressed the attack, killing 150 of the men, and capturing approximately 1,200 of the attackers (95). According to the authors of Cuba and the United States: Troubled Neighbors, â€Å"Kennedy had never liked the idea† (Dolan 95) of an American-sponsored invasion of Cuba, mostly due to his belief that it would undoubtedly fail. The plan had been created under the Eisenhower administration, and Kennedy had little input in its creation. Nevertheless, the President allowed the â€Å"invasion† to occur, and â€Å"despite his opposition to the whole affair, he accepter full responsibility for its failure because he was in office at the time it was staged† (95). While Kennedy had been assured that the plan he approved would be both secret and successful, â€Å"he discovered too late that it was too large to remain secret and too small to succeed† (Wyden 310). Kennedy was greatly upset by the failure of the invasion, and he held himself personally responsible, for both the lives of the men who died as well as for the 1,200 men whom â€Å"his government had helped send to their imprisonment† (qtd. in 310). Kennedy viewed the failure as â€Å"the ultimate  failure of his career† (310), and from the defeat, â€Å"his prestige suffered a severe blow† (Dolan 96). About a year and a half later, however, â€Å"he was to regain that lost prestige† (96), in his impressive handling of the Cuban Missile Crisis. Works Consulted Cuba Exhibit – History. The Sixth Floor Museum at Dealey Plaza. 2001 . Dolan, Edward E., and Margaret M. Scariano. Cuba and the United States: Troubled Neighbors. New York: Franklin Watts, 1987. Franqui, Carlos. Family Portrait with Fidel. New York: Random House, 1984. Rivero, Nicholas. Castro’s Cuba: An American Dilemma. New York: Van Rees P, 1962. Sierra, J.A.. Timetable History of Cuba: After the Revolution. 27 Aug. 2001 < www.historyofcuba.com/history/timetbl4.htm> Wyden, Peter. Bay of Pigs: The Untold Story. New York: Simon, 1979.

Precocious Pearl Essays - English-language Films, The Scarlet Letter

Precocious Pearl Essays - English-language Films, The Scarlet Letter Precocious Pearl Children are, by nature, incredibly sensitive creatures. They can sense almost any emotion an adult might feel just by observing a particular persons body language and facial expressions. Such is the case with the youthful Pearl from the novel The Scarlet Letter, by Nathaniel Hawthorne. As the daughter of the adulteress Hester Prynne and Arthur Dimmesdale, the townspeople view Pearl as a demon in an angels clothing; as an imp who not only knows exactly what the letter A signifies on the breast of her mother, but as the demon who placed it there as well. Nay, Mother, I have told all I know, said Pearl more seriously than she was wont to speak But in good earnest now, Mother dear, what does this scarlet letter mean? -and why dost thou wear it on thy bosom? -and why does the minister keep his hand over his heart? She took her mothers hand in both her own, and gazed into her eyes with an earnestness that was seldom seen in her wild and capricious character This dialogue does not seem to be the words of a demon, but a child who is utterly curious about what the letter on her mothers bosom means. One must not underestimate Pearls intelligence though. In fact, Pearl is not the demon many consider her to be; instead she is intelligent and sensitive towards her surroundings and can thus understand much about the scarlet letter her mother wears. The neighboring townspeoplehad given out that poor little Pearl was a demon offspring; such as, ever since old Catholic times, had occasionally been seen on earth, through the agency of their of their mothers sin, and to promote some foul and wicked purpose. From this statement and many others similar to it throughout the novel, many readers are given the impression that Pearl is a possessed child. Before any type of statement can be made on Pearls intelligence or sensitivity, it is imperative for one to understand these references are an attempt on Hawthornes part to display to the reader a fragment of Puritanical Society. By no means is Pearl an imp. She is a curious child and, until one separates Hawthornes fictitious references towards Pearls demonic soul and Pearls true intelligent nature, a character analysis of Pearls identity cannot be created. Pearl is a living Scarlet A to Hester, as well as the reader, acting as a constant reminder of Hesters sin They also believe Pearl uses this information against Hester by constantly mentioning the letter in order to make Hester extremely uncomfortable. Pearl, throughout the story, develops into a dynamic individual, as well as an extremely important symbol - one who is constantly changing. Pearl is involved in a complex history, and as a result is viewed as different and is shunned because of her mothers sin. Pearl is a living Scarlet A to Hester, as well as the reader, acting as a constant reminder of Hesters sin. Pearl is the living embodiment of the scarlet letter because she forces Hester and Dimmesdale to accept their sins. The Puritan society looks at Pearl as a child of the devil, and a black hearted girl because she is the result of sin. Hester and Dimmesdale are both in the same situation in Pearls eyes. Pearl wants Hester to realize that she is not the worst person in the world before she removes the scarlet letter. Pearl wants Dimmesdale to accept his sin, and be part of their life publicly. With the rumor of Pearls impish nature dispelled, one can now study her inquisitive and sensitive nature. When Hester Prynne refuses to reveal to Pearl the identity of the young childs father, Pearls burning curiosity quickly ignites and forces her to scream out the following demand. Tell me! Tell me!It is thou that must tell me!This is not the only time Pearls curiosity sparked throughout the novel. In fact, there are many times where Pearl becomes inquisitive over one mystery or another; this next example is one of them. Why, what is this, Mother?Wherefore have all the people left their work today? Is it a playday for the whole world? In this situation, Pearl is overwhelmed by curiosity, as

How to Publish a Childrens Book in 6 Simple Steps

How to Publish a Childrens Book in 6 Simple Steps How to Publish a Children's Book: A Guide for First-Time Authors In the early 1990s, Julia Donaldson - a former busker and wife of a university lecturer - was approached by a publisher who wanted to adapt one of her songs for the BBC. With the release of A Squash and a Squeeze, Donaldson published her first children’s book at the age of 45, igniting a career that resulted in modern classics like The Gruffalo, Room on the Broom, and Stick Man.Donaldson had the edge over most first-time authors, in that she had a background in kid's TV. But how does a regular person - one with no connections to the arts - become a published author? In this post, we’ll show you how to publish a children's book and get it into the hands (and hearts) of young readers everywhere. First-time authors: How do you get your children's book published? 1. Know the marketKnowing your audience is essential when you’re writing your book and crucial when you’re selling it. The first thing an editor wants to know is whether it’s the kind of book they can sell. Homing in on your book’s target audience will also help demonstrate your understanding of the publishing business, which is something most editors want in a collaborator.What are the age ranges for children's books?Broadly speaking, children’s fiction is divided into four categories:Picture Books: under 5 years old, under 1,000 wordsEarly Readers: 5+ years old, 2,000 to 5,000 wordsChapter Books: 6-9 years old, 5,000 to 10,000 wordsMiddle Grade (MG): 8-12 years old, 30,000 to 50,000 wordsYoung Adult (YA): 12-18 years old, 50,000 to 100,00 wordsModern editors take word count quite seriously. They rarely have time to thoroughly edit the books they acquire, so if you’ve written a 200,0000-word middle-grade opus, most editors will think,  "Who needs that kind of stress?† and give it a hard pass.If you want to learn more about writing for each category in children's publishing, sign up for this free online course on Reedsy Learning. Research the marketYou want to see firsthand what bookstores are selling and promoting. Scanning Amazon's Best Sellers list is fine, but going into a Barnes Noble will give you a much better idea of ongoing trends. Brick and mortar stores still make up a large chunk of the children’s market and - more so than with adult books - most parents still prefer them over online retailers.As we mentioned earlier, regardless of whether they're self-publishing, children's authors are expected to do a significant share of the marketing work. 80% of the time, marketing "kidlit" is the same as marketing any other book. There are dozens of great book marketing ideas for you to mine - from creating a mailing list to running promotions with other authors.In this section, we’ll focus on the other 20%: the marketing techniques that are unique to children’s books.Reviews are even more importantParents rely more on reviews when buying books for their children than when theyâ€⠄¢re doing it for themselves. They want to see what other parents think, how other children have enjoyed it, and whether the subject matter is appropriate for their own kids.Even more so than with a self-published thriller or romance novel, a picture book with no reviews will really struggle to sell - and will be impossible to place in a library or bookstore. To learn how to get reviews for your book, check out this post.Look to online communities for influencers and a street teamBlogs, Instagram, Facebook Groups, Twitter, Reddit. These days, most parents of young kids are millennials. As a result, they will rely on the internet for almost any kind of recommendation (another generalization, admittedly).Search through Facebook for children’s book groups, or groups that might be concerned with the topic of your book. If you’ve written a picture book about firetrucks, you can bet there’s a Facebook group of people (or people with kids) who love fire trucks.Share p ictures of your book on Instagram or Twitter using relevant hashtags - ones that either deal with your book’s topic (#unicorns #firetrucks) or tap directly into your audience (#mommylifestyle #picturebooksaremyjam).Work with an influencerYou will have likely heard of the term "influencer," most commonly used to describe YouTube or Instagram personalities who get paid by brands to promote products. While it’s not a bad idea to reach out of any of these people whose interests align with your book, remember that influencers come in many forms!Yvonne Jones wrote a picture book about a monster truck (Lil’ Foot the Monster Truck) and to promote it, she reached out to Bob Chandler, creator of Bigfoot and originator of the monster truck sport. He liked the book and gave her a short review, which then helped get her foot in the door with various monster truck associations and blogs.Similarly, if you can identify someone who has some clout amongst people who might buy yo ur book, then politely reach out, introduce yourself and offer to send them a copy of your book.School visits!Most schools will welcome visits from authors - in fact, some schools even set aside an annual budget for it. So why not get in touch with an administrator or a librarian and ask what you can do for them? And if you’re doing the school visit for free, Jones suggests taking the opportunity to sell some copies.â€Å"Follow up your first email with a phone call to let them know that you visit local schools for free, in return for the school sending slips home, offering the chance to buy signed copies of the book.†Of course, there are plenty of other marketing avenues to pursue - many of which you can learn about on Reedsy’s free course on children’s book marketing.Are you an aspiring or experienced children’s writer? Share your thoughts in the comments below.

Identifying the Hypothesis Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Identifying the Hypothesis - Research Proposal Example Acemoglu and Robinson (2012) further explains that the definition of poverty by the government is always based on the total amount of income that an individual receives. For example, in the year 2014, the poverty level for a family of four people was set up at 23,850 dollars total income for the year (Hempel, 2014). The rates of poverty are always high in the inner cities and rural areas in comparison to the suburban areas. This paper examines the cause of poverty in America. Of particular interest to this paper, is the cause of poverty amongst the Hispanic communities. This paper asserts that the major cause of poverty amongst the Hispanic community is their immigration status. The Hispanics are the largest immigration groups in America, and some of them do not have legal papers that confirm their legal stay in the US (Shannon, 2014). This topic of immigration is very sensitive in the United States, and most presidential outcomes are always decided on the opinion that a presidential candidate has towards immigration (Hempel, 2014). This paper will analyze how this debate on immigration has led to a high poverty level amongst the Hispanics in the United

The Souls of Black Folk by Du Bois Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Souls of Black Folk by Du Bois - Term Paper Example He says in the book, "One hesitates, therefore, to criticize a life which beginning with so little, has done so much. And yet the time is come when one may speak in all sincerity and utter courtesy of the mistakes and shortcomings of Mr. Washington's career as well as of his triumphs, without being captious or envious and without forgetting that it is easier to do ill than well in the world† (Documenting the American South). Starting with the issue of education, Washington had given the proposal of providing industrial education to blacks in order to alleviate their position in the society. Du Bois, however, held different views and criticized this proposal by saying that the education provided to blacks should not be industrial; rather, it should be one which would form leaders and educators in the black community. He believed that this would prove to be beneficial in the long run and I believe he is right in stating this. The black community needed people from among them who would continue to work for the rights of the blacks, rather than people who would only benefit their own surroundings. Education for African Americans would not only make the social position of people better but also improve the views that others held about blacks. As Du Bois believed, educating the African American would also remove any misconceptions about the black race and would help people recognize the contribution they were making to the society. Du Bois is also critical of Washington as he seems to promote the idea of submissiveness of blacks to the whites’ system. He does this by recommending that blacks give up three major privileges that make them a significant part of the society: political power, i.e. the right to vote, civil rights and higher education. Without these things, it is not possible for African Americans to make economic progress and grow as a society. Without such rights, African Americans would not be able to look at themselves in a respectful way, let alone having others do so. Without an identity of their own, they would not be able to break out of their own shell and move higher up in the society; rather, they will remain submissive all their lives. Washington was focused more on peacefully co-existing in a society dominated by the whites while Du Bois wanted to break this dominance and lead the African American community towards social, political and economic advancement. The policies of Washington seemed that he appeased the white status quo, instead of improving that of the blacks. This was evident through the fact that he believed that the African Americans should retain their status as farmers, work on cash crops and continue living in the south. He discouraged them from moving up north and demanding civil rights. This makes us doubtful of his ability as a leader, as he did not try to improve the position of his people but rather helped them adjust to their circumstances. Du Bois criticized his views as he believed tha t blacks needed education, not economics, to prosper. With higher education, there would be higher paying jobs and hence a stronger position in the society coupled with economic equality and parity. This was put into words by Du Bois in the following quote: "If we make money the object of maintaining, we shall develop

Guest lecturer reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Guest lecturer reports - Essay Example This is achieved through applying the imaginations on the knowledge available. Sustainable development (SD) is one which meets the prevailing needs of the society without compromising the ability of the future generations for the purposes of their sustainability. It can be conceptualized both as an objective and a process. As an objective it advocates for the maintenance of environmental integrity, ensuring social equity and aiming for economic efficiency. However, as a process it explains the integration of environment, society and economy in a model. The environment provides material for the economy and also gives grounds for disposal. The raw materials are converted to goods and services to be consumed by the society, which takes back the wastes to the economy for recycling (Bogliotti, & Spangenberg, 2006). The society also gets free goods and services directly from environment. The environmental integrity is self reliable system that mainly evaluates that economy arose from the n eeds of the society to specialize in what it could produce. At this time, the ecosystem service was sustainable to society mainly because the subjects were small in number. Economy grows rapidly and outdoes the ecosystem service such that almost all societal needs are sustained by the economy. For instance finite resources like oil are being exhausted and the renewable resources used up quickly more than they are replenished. Ensuring social equity entails fulfilling the needs of all men and women, development of communities and respect for diversity. The invention of trade and later currency led to the economic explosion. Economic explosion is defined by accumulation of capital which funded major mega-projects. Thus a sustainable economy can be viewed as one which uses renewable resources as quickly as they are replenished, returns wastes to the environment at accepted limits, recycles finite resources and is resilient to changes within particular sectors. However, the environmenta lists have different opinion from the political view whose concern is on the need for further economic growth to combat global poverty, environmental problems and climatic change (Ayong Le Kama, 2001). See the diagram below; SD as a process may be analyzed in a model, as illustrated in the example of the UK SD strategy of 2009. It aimed at social progress, environmental protection, efficient use of natural resources and stable economic growth and employment. The four-legged table model explains how this quality of life was prioritized. First vision is creation oriented where a bare land resources is utilized by building structures. Decision making is the next aspect and is given a social approach. This actor-approach advocates bringing possible ideas and fostering integration of ideas and mindsets. It is an important point noted and lesson learnt that the SD is to balance and amalgamate economics, social science and environmental science. Technical experts and stakeholders should en sure vision is sound and fair. Recognition of context e.g. from a worldly view to a specific locality is equally important as considering the world trends in relation to the state of the planet, technology, people’s values and behaviors and the new legislations and regulations. When environmental problems such as global warming and climate change are considered, humans are found to cause this thus their behavior to be

What Works in Preventing Modern Slavery

What Works in Preventing Modern Slavery This essay focuses on Modern Slavery which covers human trafficking, slavery, forced labour and domestic slavery. It will concentrate on forced labour within the Modern Slavery Act 2015. It will outline what force labour means, review statistics that evidence the extent of the problem, and then make some recommendations to stop forced labour. According to International Labour Organisation (ILO) (2017) forced labour refers to the act of coercing or deceiving someone into working against their will. Victims of forced labour are often controlled by their ‘employers’ through various means such as threats, physical harm, confiscation of identity documents and the withholding of wages. Indirect force may be used such as retaining the documentation of the foreign nations to prevent them from returning to their native country. They go on to say that forced labour and human trafficking are modern forms of slavery and require attention. They are not identical within the legal system. Most situations of slavery and human trafficking are covered by their definition of forced labour. Children.gov.on.ca commented in a ‘Review of the Roots of Youth Violence’ paper that rational choice theory is based on the original opinions of classical criminology, which enables people to freely choose their behaviour and is motivated by the avoidance of pain and to search for pleasure. In terms of offending, rational choice suggests that offenders weigh the potential benefits and consequences associated with committing an offence. Rational choice focuses on the opportunity to commit crime and on how criminal choices are structured by the social environment and situational variables. The ILO reported in 2017, that there is an estimation of 40.3 million people in modern slavery. This includes 24.9 million in forced labour and 15.4 million who are in forced marriages. This means there are 5.4 victims of modern slavery to 1,000 people in the world. Roughly 10 million children are victims of modern slavery. Of the 24.9 million people who are trapped in forced labour, 16 million people are exploited as domestic work, construction or agriculture by the private sector, 4.8 million people are exploited within the sex world and 4 million people are forced labour by the state authorities. Below the charts in figure 1 and figure 2 shows the ILO’s Global estimates of modern slavery: including forced labour and forced marriage. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 protects people held for slavery or servitude and if they are forced into it or compulsory labour beyond their will. Also, human trafficking is covered by The Act, by making it an offence if anyone arranges and enables another person to travel, who is going to be exploited. This person can be either an adult or child. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 consolidates existing offences of human trafficking and slavery and encompasses trafficking for all forms of exploitation. This Act replaces offences of human trafficking arising under section 59A Sexual Offences Act 2003 and section 4 Asylum and Immigration Act 2004. The Act also replaces the offence of holding another person in slavery or servitude or requiring another person to perform forced or compulsory labour arising under section 71 Coroners and Justice Act 2009 (cps.gov.uk). This consolidation of existing regulations into a single statue is an important development in the UK because hopefully to improve the conviction rates current criminal offences in relation to slavery and trafficking and by increasing the maximum penalty to deter potential offenders. Tilley (2009) notes the general value of specific deterrence within a Direct Criminal Justice System (CJS) Approach points out that offenders are deterred from committing future crimes by the unpleasantness of punishment, by having harsher penalties and these seeing others being punished and will other individuals from committing crimes. The Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner Strategic Plan 2015–2017, was produced by the government in line with the Modern Slavery Act 2015. The Strategic Plan acknowledges the scale of the problem of modern slavery and makes practical recommendations to try to address the issues. Within the document the Home Office estimates in UK that there were between 10,000 – 13,000 potential victims of modern slavery in 2014. There is some improvement to identify possible victims, so they can be removed from exploitation and protect them from further harm and enable them to receive the right help they need. Those victims often suffer from varied physical and psychological health issues. Some are classed as serious problems from the direct results of exploitation they may have suffered. It is important to make the victims feel safe and secure and protect them from harm by getting them the support and care once they are removed from those who have been exploiting them. This is so they can be empowered to increase their long-term healing, strength, and regain into inclusive society and to rebuild their lives. The way forward for this to be achieved is to work with the Home Office, border control and health agencies across UK. Appropriate awareness raising, and training should be put in place and promoted regularly. They also need to regularly review the associated material is fit for purpose about helping the potential victims to access appropriate support and assistance. More work is necessary within the immigration, border control, trading standards, police, courts and prosecution. Additionally, training is required to highlight the potential signs of victims whether they are UK citizens or foreign citizens. If police and the community should be vigilant and aware that a property has barred windows or curtains are permanently drawn, this may be because victims of modern slavery are possibly being held there. This is done to prevent them from climbing out. Other indications could be if the letterbox sealed up, so it cannot be used and is there any sign of electricity attached to neighbouring properties or directly from power lines. If businesses are using people for forced labour then they may be wearing inappropriate clothing required for the job, have poor hygiene, be fearful or unwilling to engage with the public or other colleagues. The report outlines that modern slavery in the UK is a high profit and low risk crime. The reason for modern slavery is a high profit and low risk crime because human trafficking is one of the fastest growing criminal enterprises. Criminal organizations are increasingly attracted to human trafficking because, unlike drugs, humans can be sold repeatedly. Human trafficking not only involves sex and labour, but people are also trafficked for organ harvesting. So criminal organisations can distance themselves easily from the victims by selling them on regularly. In 2014 the Home Office estimated that approximately 11,500 potential victims of modern slavery across UK. They also report there were just 2,340 potential victims reported to the National Referral Mechanism. The National Referral Mechanism  (NRM) is a framework for identifying victims of human trafficking or modern slavery and ensuring they receive the appropriate support. Very few modern slavery crimes come the attention of the police and criminal justice agencies and even fewer offenders are caught and convicted. The report estimates that 187 prosecutions involving human trafficking offences were flagged up by the Crown Prosecution Service in 2014-15 and 130 of those cases resulted in a successful conviction. However, data from Ministry of Justice showed only 39 convictions in 2014 from slavery and human trafficking offences as a principal offence. The discrepancy arguably indicates that the Crown Prosecution Service and Ministry of Justice are not working together effectively. The anti-slavery organisation highlights how the UK can challenge modern slavery. They state there are three areas to focus on. Firstly, in policing. Although modern slavery has become more visual it has been rising considerably over the past few years. Some cases are still turned away by the police because they are not believed, and those who has been forced into crime have been treated as criminals. Secondly, is identification. The referral system in use often only looks at victims of forced labour through their immigration status. This means people from outside the European Union are up to four times less likely to be recognised as victims of trafficking and are often deported rather than protected. Also, visa rules also prevent overseas  domestic workers from leaving abusive employers and seeking out new ones. This often leads them to suffer abuse in silence. Lastly, is protection. Protection and support for victims of trafficking is inconsistent, especially after all the gover nment cuts and cost-efficiency savings. The victims of forced labour who have survived and been rescued, have been in a safe house to recover but that is only for a limited time and they do not get long-term support even if they need it, so they can fully recover and get their lives back on track. They also state that the protection of children is also of great concern. A Child Guardianship scheme has been included in the Modern Slavery Act, but the full implementation of it is not scheduled until mid-2019. To help to prevent and reduce modern slavery, it would help to have a multi-agency team, which should include the police, health and social services, local authority, immigration, border control and trading standards. This is to be able to prevent other crimes committed within the modern slavery (forced labour) and crimes being committed by the victims of forced labour when trying to escape captivity. Organisations like health and social services, local authority, housing departments, voluntary organisations are available to support the police with supporting victims of modern slavery. Some voluntary organisations which are available includes refuge, shelter, NSPCC, Women’s Aid and translation organisations. These agencies can help victims to trust authorities that they are there to help and will not deport them back to their original country. Deportation will not be done for up to 90 days as the victims have access to ‘move-on’ support, such as ongoing accommodation, counselling, expert advice and advocacy before the final decision is made (Newton, gov.uk). They can then hopefully set up a peer group to be able to support others with their experiences with agreement to have a councillor on hand if people need to talk through things as and when needed. Other recommendations that possibly need to be in place are to have more border agency staff at ports and air ports to be able to check all vehicles arriving to stop illegal immigrants being brought in against their will or have paid the drivers to do so for a better life. More checks are needed on foreign national coming in with little money to support themselves. To disrupt criminal activity Tilley (2009) says there should be intelligence led policing to monitor and trace criminal organisations, and learn more about the offenders’ behaviour patterns. Also, when taken to court those drivers caught should be imposed with more severe fines because the fines are only  £2,000 per migrant (express, 2017). For people who employ illegal immigrants’ penalties should be more severe than they are. At the present the sentences are imprisonment for 5 years and pay a fine of up to  £20,000 for each illegal worker (gov.uk). Lastly, it is recommended that literature is published and advertised in different languages to help people what they need to do if they are victims or know someone who is possibly a victim of modern slavery (forced labour). In conclusion this essay focused on modern slavery and mainly forced labour. It has highlighted that people are still victims of modern slavery (forced labour) since the Modern Slavery Act 2015 came into force. Modern Slavery Act 2015 and the Strategic plan are positive steps, but more is needed to be done to address modern slavery, given the extent and complexity of the issue. For example, importantly more public awareness need to be advertised to know what modern slavery and forced labour is about and what signs to look out for and how to report their fears. Also, the sentencing for people convicted needs to be more severe, and more convictions are needed to highlight the crime and raise awareness for the public and make them aware something to there to prevent it. References Adu, A. 2017.  Lorry drivers receive record number of fines for bringing illegal immigrants into Britain.  Available: www.express.co.uk/news/uk/821265/migrant-crisis-lorry-drivers-fined-immigrants-sneak-UK-vehicles. Last accessed 26 November 2017. antislavery. 2017.  What is modern slavery?  Available: https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/. Last accessed 4 December 2017. CPS. 2017.  Human Trafficking, Smuggling and Slavery.  Available: http://www.cps.gov.uk/legal/h_to_k/human_trafficking_and_smuggling/. Last accessed 19 December 2017. gov.uk. 2016.  Penalties for employing illegal workers.  Available: https://www.gov.uk/penalties-for-employing-illegal-workers. Last accessed 26 November 2017 Hyland, K. 2015.  Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner Strategic Plan 2015–2017.  Available: http://www.antislaverycommissioner.co.uk/media/1075/iasc_strategicplan_2015.pdf. Last accessed 29 November 2017. Hyland, K. 2017.  Independent Anti-Slavery Commissioner: Annual Report 2016 2017.  Available: http://www.antislaverycommissioner.co.uk/media/1164/iasc_annual-report-16-17-web.pdf. Last accessed 4 December 2017. International Labour Organisation and Walk Free Foundation. 2017.  Global estimates of modern slavery: forced labour and forced marriage.  Available: http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/@dgreports/@dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_575479.pdf. Last accessed 16 December 2017. International Labour Organization (ILO). 2014.  The meanings of Forced Labour.  Available: http://www.ilo.org/global/topics/forced-labour/news/WCMS_237569/langen/index.htm. Last accessed 2 December 2017. Myers, N. 2016.  Review of the Roots of Youth Violence: Literature Reviews Volume 5, Chapter 3:  Available: http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/professionals/oyap/roots/volume5/chapter03_rational_choice.aspx. Last accessed 6 January 2018. Newton, S. 2016.  Modern slavery victims to receive longer period of. Available: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/modern-slavery-victims-to-receive-longer-period-of-support. Last accessed 28 December 2017 The Modern Slavery Act 2015

Breast Feeding vs Formula Essay -- Comparing Breast Feeding and Formu

Breast-feeding is nutritionally, emotionally and physically superior for a mother and her child. â€Å"Human breast milk is not standard nor is it interchangeable with cow’s milk. It is a dynamic fluid that changes in composition to meet the needs of the baby as it grows† (â€Å"Giving your Baby... Diet.† par. #10). Breast milk contains growth factors and antibodies which stimulate the growing baby and protect it from illness such as diarrhea, ear infections, rashes, allergies, asthma, skin problems, pneumonia, respiratory illness and other serious illnesses. Breast-feeding also improves a baby’s chance of remaining healthy. These antibodies are not found in formula. They can not be sustained. Breast-fed babies are also neurodevelopmentally more advanced than those fed formula. This is because the ingredients found in breast milk promote brain development. (Neifiert, pars. #5 ) Breast-feeding is the preferred method for feeding babies because it offers many benefits for both mothers and babies. There are many advantages for babies who are breast-fed. Babies can digest breast milk easily because the proteins and curds in it are softer than those in cow’s milk. The proteins in breast milk destroy harmful bacteria and help protect a baby against infection (Giving your Baby... Diet.† par #20). A breast-fed baby will have loose bowel movements that are easy to pass. Manufacturers do attempt to lower the curd tension in formula so that it will act as breast milk does. They do this by producing formula that has a higher whey content than cow’s milk. But it is impossible to exactly replicate human milk. Because of the gentleness of breast milk in a babies system, constipation is rare in breast fed infants. Another advantage for breast-fed ch... ...e. 19 May 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqweb? Georgieff, Michael K. â€Å"Taking a Rational Approach to the Choice of Formula.† A Thomson Healthcare Company. Aug. 2001: 48 Health Reference Center-Academic. Lansing Christian School Lib. , Lansing MI. 19 May 2003. http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com. â€Å"Giving Your Baby an Ideal Diet.† A Thomson Healthcare Company. 2001: 79. Health Reference Center- Academic. Lansing Christian School Lib. , Lansing, MI. 13 May 2003. http://www.infortrac.galegroup.com. Gupta, Sanjay M.D. â€Å"Of Brains and Breast Milk.† Time. 20 May 2002: 92. Neifert, Marianne. â€Å"The Advantages of Breast-Feeding.† McKesson Health Solutions LLC. 2001: 15. Health Reference Center – Academic. Lansing Christian School Lib. , Lansing, MI. 13 May 2003. http://infotrac.galegroup.com. Sheehy, Maura. â€Å"Breast-Feeding 911.† Parents. July 2001: 149-150.

The Kiss: Brancusi and Rodin

Auguste Rodin was a French artist most famous for his sculpting. He was born in 1840 and survived into the Twentieth century, dying in November of 1917.   He possessed and innate ability to sculpt in clay, creating dynamic movement in roughly pock marked human figures with a high degree of realism. His work was not well received initially though he came into vogue rather quickly.He was schooled in a traditional manner on the Ecole de Beaux Arte in Paris but in his work he was in the vanguard of the movement toward modern sculpture (Wikipedia.org Rodin).   Constantin Brancusi was born in Romania in 1876 and died in 1957. His sculptures were simple, reflecting his background as a stonemason in his native land. Having run away from home at an early age to escape the abuse of his father and brothers, he impressed an employer with his carving ability and the man financed his secondary education at a crafts school where he graduated with honors. He then attended the Bucharest School of Fine Arts (Wikipedia.org Brancusi).Brancusi made his way to Paris, the center of the world of art at that time, and made the acquaintance of fellow artists and intellectuals (Franck & Liebow). For two years he labored in the workshop of   Antonin Mercie of the Paris Ecole des Beaux Arte. At that point he was invited to work with the master, Auguste Rodin. Brancusi recognized the genius of Rodin but apparently felt smothered by the essence of the great sculptor and left after a few months. He was quoted as saying that, â€Å"Nothing can grow under big trees,† (Wikipedia.org Brancusi) Rodin was, at his core, a naturalist, and as consumed with the emotion and character he found in the model as he was in faithfully rendering an exact likeness.He also, it was said, believed, more so than other sculptors, that a human’s character is revealed in his physical features. His theory was that every portion of the sculpted work had a part to play in communicating the feeling, po wer and inner strength of the work. The grip of the toes, for instance, in his Thinker, is depicted to show the intensity with which the subject is going about his task. â€Å"What makes my Thinker think is that he thinks not only with his brain, with his knitted brow, his distended nostrils and compressed lips, but with every muscle of his arms, back, and legs, with his clenched fist and gripping toes† (quoted in Wikipedia.org Rodin)   he said.While most of Paris’ sculptors were working in clay and having their work cast in bronze, Brancusi most often labored as a carver and utilized the direct method of creating his sculpture. He removed the superfluous material and was left with his creation. In the case of his original The Kiss, (there are several versions), as the old saw goes, he simple cut off everything that did not look like a pair of kissers. Carved in limestone, it measures 23† x 13  ¾ â€Å" x 10  ¾Ã¢â‚¬ . It is a highly stylized depiction of a man and woman face to face, their arms entwined, their lips pressed together and their bodies touching.The work gives the impression that the two are so engrossed and joined in love and sensuality that they have become one. Rodin’s   version of the same subject is likewise carved directly into stone, in this case, marble, though there exist many replicas of the work in bronze, cast from Rodin’s original carving. The original title was Francesca da Rimini and depicted a scene from Dante’s Inferno. It represents an Italian noblewoman who falls in love with her husband’s younger brother. The couple are nude and embracing, with their lips close, each to the other, but not actually touching, so the kiss is not consummated.Both works by these two contemporary masters, working in the same city, are of the same subject and both are carved directly into stone. Here the similarity between the two ends. Rodin’s powerful style is seen in the work and   t here is no question as to what he means to say. The sensuality of the Rodin work is manifest in the texture of the piece and the rendition of muscle and bone. There is a tension in the work that is palpable. Brancusi’s Kiss is simple and direct. It is highly stylized and cubistic in its conception.There is more than a hint of the primitive in the statue. The two artists chose to handle form in a drastically different manner while addressing the same theme. Rodin’s work and even its original title suggest sensuality, passion and perhaps even outright sin. Brancusi’s Kiss is more suggestive of love than of passion (Art 101). It is static and has no movement to it.   The two humans depicted in Brancusi’s work are bonded as if they are one unit, suggesting a stability and deeper emotional unity than that conveyed by RodinThe two artists have, as would have likely pleased Robert Frost, taken different roads. It is not certain which of the two men chose the o ne less traveled but there are differences that make it obvious that they diverge. As to which is the better work, that is not possible to determine, for art, like much of life, is subjective and largely up to individual taste.But Rodin’s work is more academic and conventional where Brancusi’s work is more primal and addresses a basic emotion in the heart and soul of humanity in perhaps a more direct manner. It is possible to dismiss Brancusi’s work at first glance, saying that a child could have done it, while Rodin’s piece has a realism that would belie such a thought.There are those critics who suggest that the Emperor is indeed nude and the Brancusi work is a joke foisted on the art public much like the attitude many take toward the works of Picasso. Rodin’s work became acceptable after a period of adjustment and the public began to understand what he meant to convey. Brancusi’s work is similar in that aspect, and more acceptable as the public gets past their original assessment. Still, both pieces are from the hand of a master who has chosen his own method of bringing his vision to the world.Works Cited.Franck, D. and Liebow, C. Bohemian Paris: Picasso, Modigliani, MatisseAnd the Birth of Modern Art   New York: Grove Press 2001Wikipedia.org   Auguste Rodin 2007 Retrieved 6-7-07 from:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Rodin  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin_Brancusi#_note-brainjuice